Proposition 65 No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) and Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs)

October 27, 2023

Safe harbor levels, which include No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) for cancer-causing chemicals and Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs) for chemicals causing reproductive toxicity, have been established for many of the chemicals listed under Proposition 65. Exposure levels and discharges to drinking water sources that are below the safe harbor levels are exempt from the requirements of Proposition 65. In some instances, enforcement actions may have resulted in negotiated exposure levels relative to specific settlement agreements. Please visit the Attorney General's Proposition 65 web site at https://oag.ca.gov/prop65 for further information about specific enforcement actions.

Below is a list of NSRLs and MADLs established in regulation in Title 27, Cal. Code of Regulations, Sections 25705, 25709 and 25805. These safe harbor levels do not preclude the use of alternative levels that can be demonstrated by their users as being scientifically valid. A hyperlink is provided for those NSRLs or MADLs for which the documentation of their derivation is electronically available.

OEHHA has also prioritized certain chemicals for NSRL development.

You can download the entire list of NSRLs and MADLs as an excel file using the export button below.

Safe Harbor List

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Chemical	NSRL (μg/day)ª	MADL (μg/day)ª
Acetaldehyde	90 (inhalation)
Acetamide	10
Acrylamide	0.2	140
Acrylonitrile	0.7
Actinomycin D	0.00008
Aldrin	0.04
1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone	5
Des-ethyl atrazine (DEA)		100 (oral)
3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole hydrochloride	9
A-alpha-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)	2
2-Aminoanthraquinone	20
o-Aminoazotoluene	0.2
4-Aminobiphenyl (4-aminodiphenyl)	0.03
Amitrole	0.7
Aniline	100
o-Anisidine	5
o-Anisidine Hydrochloride	7
Antimony Oxide (Antimony trioxide)	0.13 (inhalation)
Aramite	20
Arsenic (inorganic arsenic compounds)	0.06 (inhalation) 10 (except inhalation)
Asbestos	100 fibers inhaled/day ᵈ
Atrazine		100 (oral)
Des-isopropyl atrazine (DIA)		100 (oral)
Auramine	0.8
Avermectin B1 (Abamectin)		4.4
Azaserine	0.06
Azathioprine	0.4
Azobenzene	6
Benz[a]anthracene	0.033 (oral)
Benzene	6.4 (oral) 13 (inhalation)	24 (oral) 49 (inhalation)
Benzidine (and its salts)	0.001
Benzo[a]pyrene	0.06
Benzo[b]fluoranthene	0.096
Benzo[j]fluoranthene	0.11 (oral)
Benzofuran	1.1
Benzyl Chloride	4
Benzyl Violet 4B	30
Beryllium and beryllium compounds	0.1 (Beryllium) 0.1 (Beryllium oxide) 0.0002 (Beryllium sulfate)
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether	0.3
Bis(chloromethyl) Ether	0.02
Bisphenol A (BPA)		3 (dermal exposure from solid materials)
Bromochloroacetic Acid	0.7
Bromodichloroacetic acid	0.95
Bromodichloromethane	5
Bromoethane	96
Bromoform	64
1,3-Butadiene	0.4
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate		1200 (oral)
Butylated Hydroxyanisole	4000
2,4-D Butyric Acid		910
beta-Butyrolactone	0.7
C.I. Basic Red 9 Monohydrochloride	3
C.I. Direct Blue 218	50
Cadmium	0.05 (inhalation)	4.1 (oral)
Captafol	5
Captan	300
Carbazole	4.1
Carbon Tetrachloride	5
N-Carboxymethyl-N-Nitrosourea	0.70
Chlorambucil	0.002
Chlordane	0.5
Chlordecone (Kepone)	0.04
Chlorendic Acid	8
Chlorinated Paraffins (Avg. chain length C12; approx. 60 percent chlorine by weight)	8
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene	5
2,4‑diamino‑6‑chloro-s-triazine (DACT)		100 (oral)
p-Chloro-o-toluidine	3
p-Chloro-o-toluidine, strong acid salts of	3.3 (p-Chloro-o-toluidine, hydrochloride)
4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine	40
p-Chloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (para-Chlorobenzo trifluoride, PCBTF)	23
p-Chloroaniline	1.5
p-Chloroaniline Hydrochloride	1.9
Chloroethane (Ethyl Chloride)	150
Chloroform	20 (oral) 40 (inhalation)
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether (Technical Grade)	0.3
Chlorothalonil	41
Chlorozotocin	0.003
Chlorpyrifos		0.58 (oral/inhalation) 7.2 (dermal)
Chromium (hexavalent compounds)	0.001 (inhalation)	8.2 (oral)
Chrysene	0.35 (oral)
Cinnamyl Anthranilate	200
Coke Oven Emissions	0.3
p-Cresidine	5
Cupferron	3
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanide salts (CN salts)		10 (oral) (Hydrogen cyanide) 9.8 (oral) (Cyanide salts that readily dissociate in solution (expressed as cyanide)) 25 (oral) (Potassium cyanide) 19 (oral) (Sodium cyanide)
Cyclophosphamide (Anhydrous)	1
Cyclophosphamide (Hydrated)	1
D&C Red No. 9	100
Dacarbazine	0.01
Daminozide	40
Dantron (Chrysazin; 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)	9
DDT, DDD, DDE (combination)	2
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)	310	4200 (intravenous) (Adult) ᵇ 600 (intravenous) (Infant boys, age 29 days - 24 mos.) ᵇ 210 (intravenous) (Neonatal infant boys, age 0 - 28 days) ᵇ 410 (oral) (Adult) ᵇ 58 (oral) (Infant boys, age 29 days - 24 mos.) ᵇ 20 (oral) (Neonatal infant boys, age 0 - 28 days) ᵇ
Di-isodecyl Phthalate (DIDP)		2200
Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP)		8.7
Di-n-hexyl Phthalate (DnHP)		2200 (oral)
2,4-Diaminoanisole	30
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate	50
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4'-Oxydianiline)	5
2,4-Diaminotoluene	0.2
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (o-Dianisidine)	0.15
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene	0.2
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene	0.0054 (oral)
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene	0.0050 (oral)
7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole	0.0030 (oral)
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)	0.1	3.1 (oral) 4.3 (inhalation)
Dibromoacetic Acid	2.8
Ethylene dibromide	0.2 (oral) 3 (inhalation)
Dichloroacetic Acid	17
p-Dichlorobenzene	20
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine	0.6
1,1-Dichloroethane	100
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane)	10
Vinylidene Chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene)	0.88
1,2-Dichloropropane	9.7
1,3-Dichloropropene	3.7 (oral) 3.7 (inhalation)
DDVP (Dichlorvos)	2
Dieldrin	0.04
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)	0.002
Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether (DGRE)	0.4
Dihydrosafrole	20
Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP)	146
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride	0.059
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride	0.19
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene	0.2
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene	0.003
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine)	0.044
Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride	0.05
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine	0.001
Dimethylvinylchloride	20
m-Dinitrobenzene		38
2,4-Dinitrotoluene	2
1,4-Dioxane	30
Direct Black 38 (Technical Grade)	0.09
Direct Blue 6 (Technical Grade)	0.09
Direct Brown 95 (Technical Grade)	0.1
Disodium Cyanodithioimidocarbonate		56 (oral) 170 (oral) as 32% pesticidal formation
Disperse Blue 1	200
Epichlorohydrin	9
Estradiol 17B	0.02
Ethyl Dipropylthiocarbamate		700 (oral and inhalation) 6700 (dermal)
Ethyl-4-4'-dichlorobenzilate	7
Ethylbenzene	54 (inhalation) 41 (oral)
Ethylene glycol (ingested)		8700 (oral)
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether		750 (oral) 960 (inhalation)
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate		1100 (oral) 1400 (inhalation)
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether		63 (oral)
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate		98 (oral)
Ethylene Oxide	2	20
Ethylene Thiourea	20
Ethyleneimine	0.01
Folpet	200
Formaldehyde (gas)	40
5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)-amino]-2-oxazolidinone	0.18
N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide	0.5
2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole	0.04
Furmecyclox	20
AF-2;[2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)]acrylamide	3
Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1-2-a:3'-2'-d]imidazole)	0.1
Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole)	0.5
Glycidol	0.54
Glyphosate	1100
Gyromitrin	0.07
HC Blue 1	10
Heptachlor	0.2
Heptachlor Epoxide	0.08
Hexachlorobenzene	0.4
Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade)	0.2
Hexachlorodibenzodioxin	0.0002
Hexachloroethane	20
n-Hexane		28,000 (oral) 20,000 (inhalation)
Hydramethylnon		120 (oral)
Hydrazine	0.04
Hydrazine sulfate	0.2
Hydrazobenzene (1,2-Diphenylhydrazine)	6 0.8
Imazalil	11
IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo-[4-5-f]quinoline)	0.5
Isobutyl Nitrite	7.4
Lasiocarpine	0.09
Lead	15 (oral)	0.5
Lead Acetate	23 (oral)
Lead and Lead Compounds	15 (oral)	0.5
Lead Phosphate	58 (oral)
Lead Subacetate	41 (oral)
Lindane and other hexachlorocyclohexane isomers	0.3 Hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha isomer) 0.5 Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta isomer) 0.6 Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma isomer)
Linuron		460
Malathion	180
Me-A-alpha-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)	0.6
MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)	0.46
MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline)	0.41
Melphalan	0.005
Metham Sodium		290
Methanol		47,000 (inhalation) 23,000 (oral)
Methyl Bromide, as a structural fumigant		810 (inhalation)
Methyl Carbamate	160
Methyl Methanesulfonate	7
2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (of uncertain purity)	0.2
N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine	0.08
3-Methylcholanthrene	0.03
5-Methylchrysene	0.00844 (oral)
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)	0.5
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)	0.8
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride)	50 200 (inhalation)
4,4'-Methylenedianiline	0.4
4,4'-Methylenedianiline dihydrochloride	0.6
Methylhydrazine and its salts	0.058 (oral) 0.090 (inhalation) 0.18 (Methylhydrazine sulfate)
4-Methylimidazole	29
N-Methylpyrrolidone		3200 (inhalation) 17000 (dermal)
Methylthiouracil	2
Michler's Ketone	0.8
Mirex	0.04
Mitomycin C	0.00009
Monocrotaline	0.07
MX (3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone)	0.11
Nalidixic Acid	28
Naphthalene	5.8
2-Naphthylamine	0.4
Nickel Refinery Dust from the Pyrometallurgical Process	0.8
Nickel Subsulfide	0.4
1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)-amino]-2-imidazolidinone	0.4
2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole	0.3
Nitrilotriacetic Acid	100
Nitrilotriacetic Acid, Trisodium Salt Monohydrate	70
5-Nitroacenaphthene	6
Nitrofen (Technical Grade)	9
Nitrofurazone	0.5
Nitromethane	39
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea	0.03
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine	0.03
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea	0.006
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane	0.006
N-Nitrosodi-n-Butylamine	0.06
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine	0.1
n-Nitrosodiethanolamine	0.3
n-Nitrosodiethylamine	0.02
n-Nitrosodimethylamine	0.04
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine	80
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine	30
4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)1-butanone	0.014
n-Nitrosomorpholine	0.1
N-Nitrosonornicotine	0.5
N-Nitrosopiperidine	0.07
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine	0.3
Pentachlorophenol	40
Phenacetin	300
Phenazopyridine	4
Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride	5
Phenesterin	0.005
Phenobarbital	2
Phenoxybenzamine	0.2
Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride	0.3
Phenyl Glycidyl Ether	5
o-Phenylenediamine and its salts	26 (o-Phenylenediamine) 44 (o-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride)
Phenylhydrazine and its salts	1 (Phenylhydrazine) 1.4 (Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride)
o-Phenylphenate, Sodium	200
Polygeenan	1200
Polybrominated biphenyls	0.02
Polychlorinated Biphenyls	0.099
Ponceau 3R	40
Ponceau MX	200
Potassium bromate	1
Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate		720
Procarbazine	0.05
Procarbazine hydrochloride	0.06
1,3-Propane Sultone	0.3
Propazine		100 (oral)
beta-Propiolactone	0.05
2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine)	0.028
Propylthiouracil	0.7
Quizalofop-ethyl		590
Reserpine	0.06
Safrole	3
Simazine		100 (oral)
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate		23 (oral) 58 (oral) as a 40% pesticidal formulation
Sterigmatocystin	0.02
Streptozotocin (Streptozocin)	0.006
Styrene	27
Styrene Oxide	4
Sulfallate	4
Sulfur Dioxide		10,000
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)	0.000005
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	3
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)	14
4,4'-Methylene bis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine	20
Tetranitromethane	0.059
Thioacetamide	0.1
4,4'-Thiodianiline	0.05
Thiophanate Methyl		600 (oral)
Thiourea	10
Toluene		7000 ᶜ
Toluene Diisocyanate	20
o-Toluidine	4
o-Toluidine Hydrochloride	5
Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes)	0.6
trans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole	2
Trichloroacetic Acid	9.9
Vinyl trichloride (1,1,2-Trichloroethane)	10
Trichloroethylene	14 (oral) 50 (inhalation)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	10
Trimethyl Phosphate	24
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene	8.2
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate (TDCPP)	5.4
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine Sulfide (Thiotepa)	0.06
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate	0.3
Trp-P-1 (Tryptophan-P-1)	0.03
Trp-P-2 (Tryptophan-P-2)	0.2
Urethane (Ethyl Carbamate)	0.7
Vinyl chloride	3
2,6-Xylidine (2,6-Dimethylaniline)	110

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^a Where a source or product results in exposures by multiple routes, the total exposure must be considered. For example, the MADL for benzene is exceeded when the absorbed dose exceeds 24 μg/day. If only inhalation and oral exposure occurs, the benzene MADL is exceeded when: (oral dose ÷ 24 μg/day) + (inhalation dose ÷ 49 μg/day) > 1.0.

^b Levels for male children and adolescents were calculated by application of the default bodyweights specified in Section 25703(a)(8) to the procedure specified in Sections 25801 and 25803, Title 27, California Code of Regulations.

^c Level represents absorbed dose (rounded from 6,525 μg/day). Since 100% of ingested toluene is absorbed, oral dose is equivalent to administered dose. It is assumed that roughly 50% of the dose administered by the inhalation route is absorbed. Therefore the MADL for inhaled toluene is 13,000 μg/day (rounded from 13,050 μg/day ), corresponding to an absorbed dose of 6,525 μg/day.

^d Fibers equal to or greater than 5 micrometers in length and 0.3 micrometers in width, with a length to width ratio of greater than or equal to 3:1 as measured by phase contrast microscopy.