Comment-20181-Gary Valasek
Why should we expect any good emissions coming from the burning or smoking of any agricultural vegetation?
See the examples 1-5 below:
1. http://www.calricenews.org/air-quality/
The emissions from uncontrolled burning dominated these other sources of emissions through about 2000. Figures 1-3 show the overall reduction levels for criteria pollutants including NOx (oxides of nitrogen, ozone and particulate precursor), VOC (volatile organic compounds, ozone precursor), and PM (particulate matter, direct pollutant) per unit of rice production
2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.011
PCDD/F emissions from burning wheat and rice field residue (1st online September 2003) by Brian Gulletta & Abderrahmane Touatib.
US Environmental Protection Agency (E-305-01), Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
ARCADIS Geraghty and Miller, P.O. Box 13109, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
This paper presents the first known values for emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) from combustion of agricultural field biomass. Wheat and rice straw stubble collected from two western US states were tested in a field burn simulation to determine emission factors. The resulting emission factor was approximately 0.5 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg burned for both sources. When coupled with published agricultural data on crop residue burning, about 1 g TEQ/year can be expected from wheat and rice straw residue burning, making this an apparently minor source of PCDDs/Fs in the United States.
3. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2017/rmrs_2017_holder_a001.pdf
Emissions from prescribed burning of agricultural fields in the Pacific Northwest by A.L. Holder et al.
Prescribed burns of winter wheat stubble and Kentucky bluegrass fields in northern Idaho and eastern Washington states (U.S.A.) were sampled. Measurements of PM2.5, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), and other items are detailed and charted.
4. http://www3.cec.org/islandora/en/item/11405-la-quema-de-residuos-agr-co…
Burning Agricultural Waste: A Source of Dioxins; Montreal, Canada: Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 2014.
5. https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2006/07/30/350114/burning…
Philippino: The common practice in the countryside of burning of rice straws and other agricultural wastes in preparation for the next planting season contributes more to air pollution than vehicle emissions. This was the finding of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in its First National Inventory of Dioxins and Furans, which calculates and estimates the dioxin and furan releases using a method developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
FINIS